by

1. preposition
1) (next to; near; at the side of: by the door; He sat by his sister.) ved siden av, hos, (like) ved
2) (past: going by the house.) forbi
3) (through; along; across: We came by the main road.) gjennom, langs, over, om
4) (used (in the passive voice) to show the person or thing which performs an action: struck by a stone.) av (ble truffet av en stein)
5) (using: He\'s going to contact us by letter; We travelled by train.) med, i
6) (from; through the means of: I met her by chance; by post.) ved
7) ((of time) not later than: by 6 o\'clock.) seinest, innen
8) (during the time of.) i, ved
9) (to the extent of: taller by ten centimetres.) med
10) (used to give measurements etc: 4 metres by 2 metres.) ganger
11) (in quantities of: fruit sold by the kilo.) per/pr., (bunt)vis
12) (in respect of: a teacher by profession.) av
2. adverb
1) (near: They stood by and watched.) (like) ved
2) (past: A dog ran by.) forbi
3) (aside; away: money put by for an emergency.) til side
•
- bygones: let bygones be bygones
- bypass
3. verb
(to avoid (a place) by taking such a road.) kjøre om, lede/føre om
- by-product
- bystander

- by and by

- by and large

- by oneself

- by the way

etter
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ifølge

I
subst. \\/baɪ\\/ eller bye
(kortspill) pass
by the by eller by the bye apropos, forresten
II
verb \\/baɪ\\/
(kortspill) passe, melde pass
III
adv. \\/baɪ\\/
1) i nærheten, ved siden av, inntil
• the shops were close by
butikkene var like i nærheten
2) forbi
• on the way to the train station he went by his father\'s house
3) vekk, til side, i reserve
• put money by
legge penger til side
by and by snart, senere, om en stund
by and large i det store og hele, stort sett
• by and large I\'m very satisfied with your work
stort sett er jeg svært fornøyd med arbeidet ditt
IV
prep. \\/baɪ\\/, \\/bɪ\\/, \\/bə\\/
1) (i passiv) av
• these lines were written by Yeats
disse linjene ble skrevet av Yeats
• the door was opened by Agnes
2) (i uttrykk om middel eller årsak) av, ved, med, gjennom, i, på
• send by post
• travel by car
• kill by poison
• he had two sons by her
• bind oneself by a promise
• what do you mean by that?
• read by candlelight
• it doesn\'t come by itself
det kommer ikke av seg selv
• she can go to school by herself
hun går til skolen på egen hånd
• she tempted him by the offer of cake
hun fristet ham ved å tilby ham en kakebit
• multiply by six
multipliser med seks
• she told him the truth by way of a joke
hun fortalte ham sannheten med en spøk
3) (i tidsuttrykk) i, ved, senest, før, til, innen, da, på
• I must be home by six
jeg må være hjemme til seks
• he arrived by sunset
han ankom før solnedgang
• they were worn out by evening
de var utslitt da kvelden kom
• by this time on Monday we\'ll be in France
på denne tiden på mandag er vi i Frankrike
• by this time it was midnight
da var det allerede blitt midnatt
• I\'ll be finished by tomorrow
jeg kommer til å bli ferdig til i morgen
4) (om sted og person) ved, ved siden av, hos
• come and sit by me on the bench by the door
kom og sett deg her hos meg på benken ved døra
• he kept the amulet by him night and day
han hadde amuletten hos seg døgnet rundt
• he sat by her bedside
han satt ved sengen hennes
• I haven\'t got it by me
jeg har det ikke på meg
• it\'s nice to have a good dictionary by you
det er deilig å ha en god ordbok for hånden
5) per
• you must pay £100 by the day
du må betale 100 £ per dag
• by correspondence
6) om
• by day
om dagen \\/ på dagtid
• it is open by day and by night
den er åpen dag og natt
• I would like to see Rome by night
jeg skulle gjerne sett Roma om natten
7) langs (med), forbi, om, over, via, gjennom
• he went by me
han gikk forbi meg
• he entered by a side door
han kom gjennom en sidedør
• he went to Lyon by Paris
han dro til Lyon over Paris
• he travelled by land
han reiste til lands
8) (i uttrykk som innebærer bevegelse) inntil, til
• come here by me
kom hit til meg
9) med
• he missed the train by two minutes
han kom to minutter for sent til toget
• this wall is longer by two metres
denne veggen er to meter lengre
• the number of people wanting to do nursing has lessened by a third
antallet som ønsker å bli sykepleiere has sunket med en tredel
• miss by two inches
bomme med to tommer
• the price rose by ten percent
prisen steg med 10 %
• Marilyn was too clever by half
Marilyn var litt for smart
10) i, per, etter
• the buyer paid by the piece
kjøperen betalte per stykk
• the company sold by retail
firmaet solgte i smått
• they sold eggs by the score
de solgte egg per snes
11) ganger, og
• three metres long by four metres broad
tre meter lang og fire meter bred
• three by four
tre ganger fire
12) for, etter, om
• bit by bit the enigma was solved
bit for bit ble gåten løst
• little by little he understood what the book dealt with
litt etter litt forstod han hva boken omhandlet
• the nurse will take you by twos
sykepleieren vil behandle to om gangen
13) (i uttrykk som innebærer overensstemmelse) i følge, etter (å dømme)
• I could tell he was German by his accent
jeg kunne skjønne av aksenten hans at han var tysk
14) (i uttrykk som innebærer forhold) mot, overfor
• he did his duty by his country
han gjorde sin plikt overfor sitt land
15) av, ved, under
• he is a lawyer by profession
han er jurist av profesjon
by and by litt etter litt, etter hvert
by no means se ➢ means
by the by eller by the way apropos, forresten
by far se ➢ far
by this på den måten

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